Hence, the transaction amount is completely exposed on the public chain, anyone can query and access it through the entire node of the blockchain. The identities of the sender and receiver are realized by the user's public-key address with a certain degree of anonymity, but some related information of the transaction subject can mine through data analysis or machine learning methods, and then combine some background knowledge to obtain the identity information of trader. For a transaction on the blockchain, the sender, receiver and transaction amount are mainly involved. Neither Bitcoin nor Ethereum can guarantee the privacy of the transaction. Ethereum is the representative of Blockchain 2.0, which uses smart contracts to solve the problem of decentralized application in the monetary field. Later, with the development of blockchain technology, Ethereum began to appear, intended for the next generation of cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform. Up to now, some research has been devoted to the study of Bitcoin, and a lot of results have been achieved. gave one of the groundbreaking research articles on bitcoin security and privacy, which highlighted all the basic technologies of bitcoin and its feasibility and robustness analysis. However, these decentralized transactions have produced certain privacy risks and attacks in daily life, which need to be solved before blockchain integration. With the further development and wide application of blockchain, it also faces more and more technical challenges, especially in privacy protection and supervision.īlockchain works in the use of shared distributed ledger distribution system, which is basically a data structure that contains transaction lists in an orderly form. Especially in the field of privacy protection, a large number of experts and scholars have been attracted to achieve better results. Now, blockchain has begun to be used in various industries such as energy, finance, e-commerce, e-government and medical care. Obviously, as a trust system construction technology, blockchain has great potential and is expected to become the cornerstone of the new era of digital economy. Moreover, the blockchain can bring people into a fair, safe and transparent environment. All these applications show that blockchain will take over some major areas of daily life in the future. For example, the application of blockchain has extended from the financial to the physical field, including electronic information storage, copyright management and trading, product traceability, digital asset trading, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management and other fields. Some researchers are integrating blockchain technology into some areas of daily life. The blockchain also known as distributed ledger technology, which leads a new round of technological and industrial changes around the world, playing an important role in improving corporate productivity, reducing corporate costs, increasing customer satisfaction and expanding new markets. It is a new application model for various computer technologies, such as data storage, peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license ( ).īlockchain technology first emerged as a tool to manage cryptocurrency in 2008 when Nakamoto introduced “Bitcoin” as first P2P digital cash system using blockchain. The security performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has great practicability and has potential application in many fields. In addition, it does not rely on specific consensus mechanism and can be used as an independent module. With the use of encryption technology, the regulators can supervise blockchain transactions without storing the users' information, which greatly reduces the pressure on storage, computing and key management. It uses probability encryption to realize the hiding of the true identity of the blockchain transaction, and uses the commitment scheme and zero-knowledge proof technology to realize the privacy protection and guarantee legitimacy verification of the transaction. In this paper, a blockchain transaction model with both privacy and supervision function is proposed. Therefore, the design of blockchain scheme with privacy protection and supervision functions is of great significance. Based on the existing anonymous technology, the concealment of the sender, receiver, amount of the transaction, and does not disclose any information, which makes the supervision difficult. The public chain represented by Bitcoin and Ethereum only realizes the limited anonymity of user identity, and the transaction amount is open to the whole network, resulting in user privacy leakage. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology.
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